Conventional concepts of intellectual ability focused too strongly on speed, accuracy, accuracy, correctness , logic and similar properties or ‘convergent thinking’.
Branching out, generating alternative answers, seeing possibilities - ‘Divergent thinking’.
Concept - explanation - solution - approach - Lack of creativity in the space race.
Creativity - production of novelty
Creative behaviour results from interactions, abilities and knowledge, motivation and the surrounding social environment.
Divergent thinking, flexibility or risk taking.
Encourage parents, teachers and others to deal with children and adults in ways that will foster their ability to produce effective novelty.
Creativity is something for people at all levels.
Beautifying the environment, self expression, communication, understanding, .
Creativity is the only area where technology and microelectronics cannot go.
Novelty, Effectiveness, Ethicality
Effect - Creative products.
Cause - Creative People
Interaction - The Environment
Creativity requires a human element. Skills, abilities and motives.
Sublime creativity
Everyday creativity
Studying Creativity
Quasicreativity
Novelty - the process of achieving surprise in the beholder.
Creativity is mysterious and unknowable.
Lead to elitism.
forcing of children, creativity fanaticism.
Encouraging unruly, disobedient, imprecise or naughty behaviour.
Basic skills and standards, correct-incorrect would be abandoned.
Fostering the fullest development of all positive aspects of the personality of all children.
Acknowledging and accepting a diversity of abilities and talents.
Need to not limit to set contents, techniques and values, since these will seen be useless. Instead must promote flexibility, openness for the new, ability to adapt, see new ways of doing things and courage in facing the unexpected.
Helps people to cope with the challenges of life, connected to mental health.
Helping individuals to maximise their own self-fulfilment.
Connection between creativity and school grades.
Learning activities that focus on branching out, finding out, inventing, discovery learning, play like conditions, fantasy can be more effective than traditional methods.
Helps with pupil’s motivation and their attitudes towards school.
Critical thinking, independent decision making.
Protecting creative pupils from conformity.
Creative production, flexibility, alternative suggestions, expression of ideas and humour.
- Encourage students to learn independently.
- Co-operative, socially integrative style of teaching.
- Tolerate errors.
- Self-evaluation.
- Take questions seriously.
- Working with varied materials.
- Help students learn to cope with frustration and failure.
- Reward courage as much as being right.
Brainstorming, Synetics, creative problem solving, morphological methods, bionics, imagery training, mind maps, KJ method, NM Method.
Buzz groups, flexastudy, lateral thinking, mathematics.
Bridge building, idea production, creative connections.
SCAMPER - substituting, combining, adapting, magnifying, putting to a different use, eliminating, rearranging/reversing.
Cognitive - Promotion of
- Rich and varied experience in many different settings.
- General knowledge
- specialised knowledge
- analysing and synthesising
- seeing connections, similarities - convergent thinking
- divergent thinking
- recognise and define problems
- plan one’s own learning and evaluate
Personality
- opens to new ideas and experiences
- adventurousness
- autonomy
- ego strength
- self evaluation and self esteem
- ambiguity
Motivation
- Concept of creativity and positive attitude to it
- curiosity
- willingness to risk being wrong
- experimentation
- commitment, persistence and determination
- novelty
- difficult tasks
- risk taking and accepting challenges
Creator
Independence and non conformity
knowledge of social rules and willingness to operate within them
Courage to risk being wrong or laughed at.
communicating in ways that others can understand and accept
Social environment
Acceptance of differentness
opens and tolerance of variability
absence of sanctions against mistakes
creativogenic climate
Open teaching and learning
- Meaningful enrichment of the children’s perceptual horizons.
- Self directed work. initiative, spontaneous and experimentation without fear of incorrect solutions, error or mistakes.
- Constructive, non - conforming behaviour
- original ideas
- challenging and stimulating learning materials
- roles, themes and problems, sharing of activities.
- support and positive feedback for questioning, exploring behaviour, and problem finding as well as problem solving.
- self determination
- self assessment
- autonomy and self evaluation
- social creativity in groups and partners
- playful activities
- self selected topics
- free from anxiety and time pressure
- psychological security, openness and freedom
- sensibility, flexibility and divergent thinking.
No longer just instructor, evaluator, censor and authority, but stimulator, elicitor, moderator, stabiliser, helper, mediator, counsellor, friend, observer, initiator, partner, instructor, organiser, expert, mentor and model.
Should underlie all teaching and learning in all subject areas and at all times.
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